Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research institute under the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India, functioning as a public deemed university based at Navy Nagar, Colaba, Mumbai. It also maintains centres in Bangalore, Pune and Hyderabad. Founded on 1 June 1945 by Homi J. Bhabha with support from J.R.D. Tata and the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust, the institute initially operated at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, before moving to Mumbai. Its Colaba campus, designed by Helmuth Bartsch, was inaugurated in 1962 by Jawaharlal Nehru. TIFR became a designated centre for nuclear research under CSIR in 1949, built India's first digital computer (TIFRAC) in 1957, and pioneered research in cosmic ray physics, molecular biology, and radio astronomy, including the Ooty Radio Telescope and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. It attained official deemed university status in 2002. TIFR's research is organized into three schools: the School of Mathematics, the School of Natural Sciences (covering physics, chemistry and biology across seven departments), and the School of Technology and Computer Science. Its Department of Biological Sciences was established by Obaid Siddiqi in the 1960s.